Low duty cycle network controller

ABSTRACT

Operating at least one low duty cycle (LDC) controller to maintain synchronization between the LDC controller and a plurality of LDC terminals operating over a communication network using only overhead channels of the network and conforming to the protocol and timing of said network, wherein synchronization between the LDC controller and the plurality of LDC terminals is maintained separately from the protocol and timing of the communication network, and enables the LDC controller to schedule power down and wake up of the plurality of LDC terminals for durations longer than allowable under the protocol and timing of the communication network.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 11/766,068, filed Jun. 20, 2007, entitled “Low Duty Cycle NetworkController,” which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 60/815,679, filed Jun. 21, 2006, entitled “Low Duty Cycle NetworkController,” both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present invention generally relates to the transmission of data overtelecommunication networks, and to telecommunication devices that enablesuch transmission. More particularly, the invention concerns a newtechnique for maintaining synchronization with a telecommunicationdevice in a half-duplex mode for a low duty cycle data transmissionoperation.

2. Background

Remote monitoring of operations may involve remotely-situated,battery-operated, wireless telecommunication devices that captureoperational status information and transmit via radio frequency signalsthe operational status information to a centrally-situatedinformation-processing device. Oftentimes, the operational statusinformation can be transmitted via radio frequency signals as shortmessages. In such remote monitoring and transmission applications,issues associated with power consumption management are an importantconcern.

In a typical operational environment, battery-operated monitoring andtelecommunication devices are desirable to facilitate operatingefficiency and to reduce maintenance costs. Implementation efficiency isimproved because batteries obviate arrangements for an external powersource and enable deployment of self-contained units that are easilyinstalled at a variety of sites. Maintenance costs are reduced becausethe unit lacks dependence on external power sources and because a faultyunit is easily replaced by another. To optimize these advantages, it ismost desirable for the monitoring and telecommunication device tooperate for an extended period of time without requiring batteryreplacement or the like.

One way to extend the life of a battery is to reduce the load demandedof it. For example, a remotely-situated telecommunication device may beconfigured to operate according to a reduced duty cycle, where it isplaced in a sleep or low-power operational mode when there are noongoing communications with, for example, a centrally-situatedinformation-processing device. This usually requires that a trade-off bemade between the availability of the battery-powered telecommunicationdevice for communications with the information-processing device and theamount of achievable reduction in power consumption. However, a remotetelecommunication device employing such a power consumption savingtechnique may not be able to communicate optimally with acentrally-situated information-processing device because all or part ofits communication circuitry is shut down when the device is in sleepmode to conserve battery power. That is, communication by the remotedevice is available only on an occasional basis.

There is therefore a need in the art for means of synchronizing theexchange of information between a remotely-situated monitoring andtransmission device configured to operate according to a low duty cycle,and a centrally-situated information-processing device with which it isin communication.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a method of operating a low duty cycle (LDC) controlleris disclosed. The method includes operating at least one low duty cycle(LDC) controller to maintain synchronization between the LDC controllerand a plurality of LDC terminals operating over a communication networkusing only overhead channels of the network and conforming to theprotocol and timing of the network, where the synchronization betweenthe LDC controller and the plurality of LDC terminals is maintainedseparately from the protocol and timing of the communication network,and enables the LDC controller to schedule power down and wake up of theplurality of LDC terminals for durations longer than allowable under theprotocol and timing of the communication network.

In another aspect, a low duty cycle (LDC) network system is disclosed.The system includes at least one LDC controller operating to maintainsynchronization between the LDC controller and a plurality of LDCterminals operating over a communication network using only overheadchannels of the network and conforming to the protocol and timing of thenetwork, where the synchronization between the LDC controller and theplurality of LDC terminals is maintained separately from the protocoland timing of the communication network, and enables the LDC controllerto schedule power down and wake up of the plurality of LDC terminals fordurations longer than allowable under the protocol and timing of thecommunication network.

In another aspect, a tangible storage medium including a computerprogram for operating a network using at least one LDC controller isdisclosed. The program comprises executable instructions that cause acomputer to operate at least one low duty cycle (LDC) controller tomaintain synchronization between the LDC controller and a plurality ofLDC terminals operating over a communication network using only overheadchannels of the network and conforming to the protocol and timing of thenetwork, where the synchronization between the LDC controller and theplurality of LDC terminals is maintained separately from the protocoland timing of the communication network, and enables the LDC controllerto schedule power down and wake up of the plurality of LDC terminals fordurations longer than allowable under the protocol and timing of thecommunication network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary relationship between LDC operation andCDMA slotted mode sleep.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a communication path between aLDC controller and LDC terminals using an existing communicationsinfrastructure.

FIG. 3 illustrates half-duplex usages of overhead channels of acommunications infrastructure to facilitate messaging between a LDCcontroller and LDC terminals.

FIG. 4 illustrates a hashing of LDC wakeup times.

FIG. 5 illustrates a state machine modeling the reachability status of aLDC terminal.

FIG. 6 is a timeline illustrating synchronous scheduling using a LDCcontroller.

FIG. 7 is a timeline illustrating asynchronous scheduling using a LDCcontroller.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The nature, objectives, and advantages of the present invention willbecome more apparent to those skilled in the art after considering thefollowing detailed description in connection with the accompanyingdrawings.

Introduction

In recognition of the above-stated problems associated with remotemonitoring of operational status information and transmission of theinformation via radio frequency signals, the present disclosuredescribes several embodiments for controlling and synchronizingcommunications using only overhead channels of a telecommunicationnetwork (e.g., a cellular network such as a CDMA or GSM network) in ahalf-duplex mode. In particular, the operational status information isreceived by a controller hosted at a centrally-situatedinformation-processing device, in messages transmitted in a half-duplexmode from a remotely-situated communication device configured to operateaccording to a low duty cycle (LDC).

In one implementation, the centrally-situated information-processingdevice at which a LDC controller is hosted is a processor located withinor coupled to a CDMA network, such as a base station controller or othernetwork controller, and the remote communication device is a wirelesstelecommunication device including capabilities for CDMA communication.

In another implementation, the overhead channels used in CDMA 2000 1x(First Evolution) include pilot, sync, and paging channels in theforward link and an access channel in the reverse link. The overheadchannels used in CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO (First Evolution-Data Only) includepilot, sync, and control channels in the forward link and an accesschannel in the reverse link. In other implementations, the overheadchannels include any non-traffic channels that provide reference,timing, system configuration, and access. In a CDMA application, trafficchannels carry principal information such as two-way voice signals forproviding telephone conversation.

The term “half-duplex mode” refers to a mode in which a communicationdevice is permitted to act as either a transmitter or a receiver, butnot both during the same communication period.

The term “low duty cycle” (LDC) refers to intermittent, occasional, andrelatively low frequency of activity operation.

The term “terminal” refers generally to a substantiallyremotely-situated device, including a communication device.

The term “hibernate mode” refers to a mode of the communication devicethat places the communication device in a state of sleep and turns offall units in the communication device except for a timing device to keeptrack of the duration of the sleep. For LDC applications, the durationof the sleep is often substantially longer than allowable under theprotocol of a conventional wireless communication network. For example,the duration of sleep is typically substantially longer than a CDMA slotcycle.

The term “idle mode” refers to a mode of the communication device wherethe device is awake for normal operations. For example, idle mode in aCDMA system includes slotted mode operation.

FIG. 1 illustrates how hibernate and idle modes of LDC operation relateto the slot cycles of a communication system. Such a communicationsystem may, for example, be a CDMA-based system. Principalcharacteristics of LDC operation include an idle mode significantlyshorter in duration than the hibernate mode, as shown at the top ofFIG. 1. The close-up view of an idle mode period shows that it can bedefined by a wakeup time 100 and a power down time 110. Alternatively,an idle mode may be defined by a wakeup time 100 and an idle modeduration 120. In one embodiment, the power down time 110 is dynamicallyadjusted according to the amount of information requiring transmissionduring idle mode. The close-up view further shows that a slot cycle of aCDMA system may be significantly shorter in duration than the LDC idlemode 120, shown for purposes of demonstration to span 5 slot cycles. Theslot cycle essentially represents the wake/sleep cycle of acommunication device under the protocol of the communication network,which under CDMA, for example, can range from 1.28 seconds (slot cycle0) to 163.84 seconds (slot cycle 7). However, slot cycles of thesedurations are inappropriate for LDC purposes because a terminal'shibernate mode may extend from several minutes to a month or more, farlonger than the maximum length slot cycle. Implementing a 1-month dutycycle, for example, by waking a battery-powered device every 163.84seconds according to CDMA slot cycle 7 would cause battery depletionmuch sooner than waking only at the end of each 1-month cycle. Because(a) the sleep cycles provided by protocols such as CDMA that underlieexisting communication infrastructures are inadequately short for therelatively long-term hibernations of LDC terminals, and (b) typicalremotely-situated LDC terminals are hibernating most of the time and notaccessible to the network facilitating communications, a mechanism istherefore required to synchronize communications between acentrally-situated information processing device and the terminals.

Low Duty Cycle Controller

The block diagram in FIG. 2 provides an overview of the relationshipsbetween a LDC controller 200 and a plurality of LDC terminals 230A-Nwith which the LDC controller 200 is tasked to maintain synchronization.As shown, communications are facilitated by a communicationsinfrastructure 220, representing an existing system for communicationsincluding, for example, wireless telephonic voice communications. In oneimplementation, the communications infrastructure 220 is a CDMA system.The LDC controller 200 is a process or processor typically hosted by orco-located with a centrally-situated information processor performing asa component of the communications infrastructure 220. The informationprocessor might be, for example, a base station, a server, or a callprocessing center. In one implementation, there is at least one LDCcontroller 200.

The LDC controller 200 formulates messages that are passed into thecommunications infrastructure 220 for delivery to one or more of the LDCterminals 230A-N. The LDC controller 200 receives messages formulated byLDC terminals 230A-N which are passed in the reverse direction throughthe communications infrastructure 220. In one implementation themessages thus received by the LDC controller 200 may include informationregarding the position of a terminal 230A-N, its operating mode, itswake up time, and its wake up duration. In another implementation themessages transmitted by the LDC controller 200 include configurationinformation for a terminal 230. Messages from a LDC terminal 230 may bestored in memory 210, as may configuration information and messagesdownlinked externally and scheduled by the LDC controller 200 fortransmission to the LDC terminal 230.

Synchronization is required between the LDC controller 200 and theterminals 230A-N because the relatively long hibernation intervals ofthe LDC terminals 230A-N make them inaccessible to the networkunderlying the communications infrastructure 220. A usage profile 240Adepicted in FIG. 2 exhibits LDC operational parameters such as a wake uptime 100, power down time 110, and an offset 250A from a timingreference. Similarly, the other usage profiles 240B, 240C as showndepict offsets 250B, 250C of different durations. Offsets will bediscussed in more detail below. At wake up 100 the LDC terminal 230Aenters idle mode. In one implementation using a CDMA communicationssystem, activities performed by a LDC terminal 230 during idle modeinclude typical slotted mode operations such as listening to a pagingchannel, receiving messages, and sending messages. At power down 110 aterminal 230 A-N enters hibernation mode, during which time a LDCterminal 230A-N is substantially asleep, except for maintaining a timingreference, to minimize power drain on the battery. Communicationsbetween a LDC controller 200 and a LDC terminal 230 must therefore besynchronized so that they occur during the LDC terminal's 230 idle mode,and are not attempted during its hibernation. Advantages providedinclude those due to enabling synchronization of communications in a waythat non-invasively overlays the protocols of the existingcommunications infrastructure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram exemplifying a typical CDMA communicationsinfrastructure 220. A category of channels called overhead channels 300is shown separated from the traffic channels 310. Traffic channels 310include the full-duplex channels used for voice communications, forexample, and are typically assigned to individual users to carry alltraffic. Overhead channels 300 include half-duplex forward link channels320 and reverse link channels 330. The forward link channels 320 includepilot channels providing beacon functionality for initial systemacquisition, sync channels for carrying system parameters required atsystem acquisition, and paging channels used to carry overhead messages,pages, setup messages, and orders. The reverse link channels 330typically include access channels, use by a remote device to transmitregistration requests, call setup requests, page responses, orderresponses, and other signally information required by system protocols.

One embodiment of the present invention provides for maintenance ofsynchronization by a LDC controller 200 with a plurality of LDCterminals 230A-N using the protocol and timing of the network underlyingonly the half-duplex communication channels. However, the schedulinginherent to the synchronization does not rely for its own timing on theprotocols and timing of the network, and so is separate from thoseprotocols and timing. Synchronization is essentially overlaid on theprotocols needed to facilitate principal communications over theoverhead channels 300.

For example, in one implementation, communications by a LDC controller200 with LDC terminals 230 while the LDC terminals 230 are in idle modeconform in and of themselves to a CDMA slotted mode protocol. Whereas,the schedule implementing synchronization is defined substantiallywithout reference to the timing inherent to the CDMA slotted modeprotocol. That is, by further example, a configuration message includinginformation regarding a wake up time 100 and a power down time 110 sentfrom a LDC controller 200 to a LDC terminal 230A is transmitted inconformance to the timing and protocol of the communications network,but the actual wake up and power down of the terminal 230A conforms tothe information included in the message, not necessarily in conformancewith the timing and protocol of the network that carried the message.Extended hibernation intervals of the LDC terminals 230A-N may thus beaccommodated because the timing inherent to the protocols of thecommunications infrastructure 220 (e.g., CDMA slotted mode sleep) is notnecessarily a factor in synchronization scheduling.

In one implementation, a LDC controller 200 provides configurationinformation to LDC terminals 230, where the information includessynchronization parameters defining a time window. Shown in FIG. 4 arefour exemplary usage profiles assigned to four LDC terminals 230identified as LDC terminals 1, 2, N−1 and N. The usage profile for LDCterminal 1 depicts two idle mode periods 400 and an interveninghibernation mode 405. The usage profile for LDC terminal 2 issubstantially identical to that of LDC terminal 1 except for a timeshift to the right. The usage profiles for LDC terminals 1 and 2 areoverlaid by dashed lines 410, 420 indicating times T_(BEGIN) andT_(END), respectively. T_(BEGIN) and T_(END) are configurationparameters provided by the LDC controller 200 which enable maintenanceof a common timing reference between the LDC controller 200 and LDCterminals 230. More specifically, T_(BEGIN) and T_(END) bracket a periodduring which the LDC terminals 1 and 2 are to enter and leave idle mode400. That is, the LDC controller 200 instructs a LDC terminal 230 towake up at some time within the interval defined by T_(BEGIN) andT_(END), and to be in hibernate mode at times exterior to that interval.Given the values T_(BEGIN) and T_(END), wake up times 100 for LDCterminals 1 and 2 may be defined as offsets 430, 440, respectively, fromT_(BEGIN). Offsets 430, 440 are typically determined by a hashingprocess to distribute the wake up times 100 substantially evenly overthe interval defined by T_(BEGIN) and T_(END). Similar time windows forLDC terminals N−1 and N are defined by dashed lines 415, 425,respectively, within which offsets 450, 460 are hashed to definecorresponding wake up times 100. In one implementation, hashing isperformed by each LDC terminal 230A-N for itself. In anotherimplementation, hashing is performed by the LDC controller 200 and theresult communicated to the LDC terminal 230.

A LDC controller 200 thus provides parameters T_(BEGIN) and T_(END) toLDC terminals 1, 2, N−1 and N. LDC terminals 1 and 2 receive valuesdefining a first window of time, and LDC terminals N−1 and N receivevalues defining a second window. Wake up times 100 are hashed for LDCterminals 1 and 2 in the form of offsets 430, 440 from T_(BEGIN)associated with the first window, and wake up times 100 for LDCterminals N−1 and N are hashed in the form of offsets 450, 460 fromT_(BEGIN) associated with the second window. Messages transmitted by theLDC terminals 1, 2, N−1 and N to a LDC controller 200 are therebysubstantially evenly distributed in time when received at the LDCcontroller 200 so as to prevent, for example, uneven loads on overheadchannels 300 and at the LDC controller 200. In one implementation, theLDC controller is not advised of the power down times 110 of the LDCterminals 230A-N, where instead the LDC terminals 230A-N merely ceasetransmitting messages until the next wake up time 100 occurs.

A usage profile is substantially defined according to an operationalmode required of a LDC terminal 230. For example, an operational modeaccommodating periodic meter reading may define a usage profile in whicha wake up time 100 is scheduled to occur once a month. Another exampleis an operational mode accommodating vehicle position reports from a LDCterminal 230, for which a usage profile scheduling wake up times 100once per hour may be appropriate. Yet another example includes aso-called SOS mode, in which emergency position reports from a LDCterminal 230 coupled to a person may require a usage profile schedulingtransmissions once every five minutes.

In one implementation, synchronization by a LDC controller 200 with aLDC terminal 230 involves a reachability state on the part of the LDCterminal 230. A state-machine depicting states of reachability is shownin FIG. 5. Initially 500, the LDC terminal 230 is unreachable 510. Whena keep alive (KA) message 520 is received by the LDC controller 200 fromthe LDC terminal 230, a state of reachability 530 is established. TheLDC controller 200 may therefore regard the LDC terminal 230 as being inidle mode, for example, indicating that subsequent communication may becommenced. Further KA messages 540 received by the LDC controller 200from the LDC terminal 230 each maintain the reachable state 530. If atimeout 550 occurs, i.e., the LDC controller 200 fails to receive a KAmessage from the LDC terminal 230 before a predetermined amount of timehas elapsed, the LDC controller 200 regards the LDC terminal 230 asunreachable 510. Thus, when regarded as unreachable by the LDCcontroller 200, an LDC terminal 230 may also be assumed, for example, tobe in hibernate mode. Upon receiving a subsequent KA message 520 fromthe LDC terminal 230, the LDC terminal 200 regards the LDC terminal 230as once again reachable 530.

In one implementation, when receiving a KA message from a LDC terminal230, the LDC controller 200 marks the LDC terminal 230 as reachable andsaves the current time as the last received KA message timestamp. Ifmore than a predetermined time interval elapses without the LDCcontroller 200 receiving a subsequent KA message from the LDC terminal230, or the LDC controller 200 fails to send messages to the LDCterminal 230 for some predetermined number of hibernation intervals,then the LDC controller 200 marks the LDC terminal 230 as unreachable.If the LDC controller 200 has marked the LDC terminal 230 as unreachablebecause of its failure to send messages to the LDC terminal 230 for somepredetermined number of hibernation intervals, and the LDC controller200 subsequently receives a KA message from the LDC terminal 230 thusmarked as unreachable, the LDC controller 200 may send a configurationmessage to the LDC terminal 230 to reestablish synchronization.

In another implementation, usage profiles are distinguished betweenthose that provide for wake up times 100 of a LDC terminal 230 atresolutions of less than one day, and those that provide wake up times100 at resolutions of one day or greater. In the former case,synchronous scheduling is implemented, and in the latter case,asynchronous scheduling is used.

Synchronous scheduling 600 as used in one implementation is illustratedin FIG. 6. Shown are timelines for a LDC controller 200 and a LDCterminal 230. It will be appreciated that FIG. 6 depicts timelines for asingle LDC controller 200 and a single LDC terminal 230, and thatimplementations of the present invention provide for at least one LDCcontroller 200 and a plurality of LDC terminals 230A-N. A wake up time605 for the LDC terminal 230 based on T_(BEGIN) 510 has been hashed andis known to both the LDC controller 200 and the LDC terminal 230. TheLDC controller 200 has received messages for the LDC terminal 230, whichhave been stored and sorted in memory 210 according to destination LDCterminal 230 and time of future transmission. At substantially wake uptime 605 the LDC controller 200 sends 615 a message including any storedmessages for the LDC terminal 230. The message is received 620 at theLDC terminal 230. A responsive message is received by the LDC controller200, from the LDC terminal 230. Before power down time 610 is reached,the LDC controller 200 may receive 632 one or more messages from the LDCterminal 230. Such a message may be, for example, a KA message includinginformation regarding operational status, battery status, networkinformation, and a request for configuration data. In oneimplementation, after T_(END) occurs and the LDC terminal 230 isregarded as being in hibernate mode, the LDC controller 200 may select640 pending messages for the LDC terminal 230 and schedule them for thenext transmission time, coinciding with the next idle mode period of theLDC terminal 230. At substantially the next wake up time 642 the LDCcontroller sends 645 the pending messages to the LDC terminal 230, afterwhich the LDC controller 200 receives 650 a message from the LDCterminal 230. The LDC controller 200 may continue to receive 632 furthermessages such as KA messages depending upon the amount of time leftbefore the power down time 652. In another implementation, the powerdown time 610, 652 is dynamically adjusted according to the number andnature of the messages sent and received by the LDC controller 200. Forexample, if the number of pending messages is too large to be carried bya single message sent 615, 645 by the LDC controller 200, then only aportion will be sent 615, 645. Upon receiving 630, 650 a message fromthe LDC terminal 230, the LDC controller 200 may then reset and extendthe power down time 610, 652. The LDC controller 200 may then send (notshown) a subsequent portion or the remainder of the pending messages ina similar manner to before. This process may be continued until all ofthe pending messages are sent by the LDC controller 200.

FIG. 7 illustrates asynchronous scheduling 700 as performed in oneimplementation in which a usage profile instructs wake up times 100 at aresolution greater than one day. The LDC controller 200 initiallyregards the LDC terminal 230 as unreachable. The LDC controller 200 doesnothing with respect to the LDC terminal 230 until it receives 630 anunsolicited message sent by the LDC terminal 230 after its hashed wakeup time 605. The LDC controller 200 formulates and sends 645 a messageincluding any pending messages stored in memory 210 and scheduled fortransmission. If the number of pending messages is too large to beincluded by the message sent by the LDC controller 200 to the LDCterminal 230, then upon receiving 632 another message from the LDCterminal 230, the LDC controller 200 responds by sending (not shown) asubsequent portion or the remainder of the pending messages in a similarmanner to before. In an implementation of the present invention, the LDCcontroller 200 continues to receive 632 messages from the LDC terminal230 until substantially the power down time 610. Such messages mayinclude KA messages as discussed in relation to synchronous schedulingillustrated in FIG. 6. In another implementation, the power down time610, 652 is dynamically adjusted according to the number and nature ofthe messages sent and received by the LDC controller 200. For example,if the number of pending messages is too large to be carried by a singlemessage sent 645, 665 by the LDC controller 200, then only a portionwill be sent 615, 645. Upon receiving 632 a message from the LDCterminal 230, the LDC controller 200 may reset and extend the power downtime 610, 652 until which the LDC terminal 230 will remain in idle mode.The LDC controller 200 may then send a subsequent portion or theremainder of the pending messages in a similar manner to before. Theprocess is continued until all of the pending messages are sent by theLDC controller 200. At substantially the next wake up time 642 the LDCcontroller again receives 660 an unsolicited message from the LDCterminal 230.

Applications

Implementations of LDC controller operation described above can be usedin many different applications including asset tracking, automated meterreading, cashless payment of parking meters, traffic lights and sensors,billboards and public displays, real-time health monitoring, home/officesecurity and alarm systems, automotive telematics, utility distributiongrid monitoring, position monitoring using GPS, and other relatedpolling applications. Message transmission for these applications canrange from an average of one short messaging service (SMS) message perhour for an asset tracking application to one SMS message per month foran automated meter reading application.

Those of skill in the art understand that information and signals may berepresented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Those of skill further appreciate that the various illustrative logicalblocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connectionwith the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronichardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearlyillustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, variousillustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have beendescribed above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether suchfunctionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality invarying ways for each particular application, but such implementationdecisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from thescope of the present invention.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implementedor performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signalprocessor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), afield programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device,discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or anycombination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The steps of a method described in connection with the embodimentsdisclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a softwaremodule executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. Asoftware module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, aCD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Anexemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that theprocessor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anASIC.

Moreover, the previous description of the disclosed embodiments isprovided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use thepresent invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principlesdefined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present inventionis not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is tobe accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novelfeatures disclosed herein.

1. A Low Duty Cycle (LDC) terminal, comprising: a receiver configured toreceive information on a half-duplex forward link channel; a memory; aprocessor programmed to: place the terminal in an idle mode to conformto a CDMA slotted mode protocol; determine a wake-up time and a powerdown time based on the information received over the forward linkchannel; and place the terminal in a hibernation mode based on thewake-up time and power down time.
 2. The LDC terminal of claim 1 whereinthe processor is programmed to place the terminal in the hibernationmode for a period of time that is longer than the CDMA slotted modeprotocol.
 3. The LDC terminal of claim 1 wherein determining the wake-uptime includes determining an offset based on the information receivedover the forward link channel.
 4. The LDC terminal of claim 3 whereinthe processor is programmed to determine the offset by a hashingprocess.
 5. A Low Duty Cycle (LDC) controller for use in acommunications network, comprising: a memory; a processor programmed to:formulate synchronization information to be delivered to thecommunications network; maintain the synchronization informationseparately from the protocol and timing of the communications network;and, a transmitter configured to transmit the synchronizationinformation on a half-duplex forward link channel of the communicationsnetwork.
 6. The LDC controller of claim 5 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a power down time period that is longer in durationthan allowable under the protocol and timing of the communicationsnetwork.
 7. The LDC controller of claim 5 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a wake up time period that is longer in durationthan allowable under the protocol and timing of the communicationsnetwork.
 8. The LDC controller of claim 5 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a time period and the processor is programmed tohash a plurality of wake up times over the time period.
 9. The LDCcontroller of claim 5 comprising a receiver configured to receiveterminal message information on a half-duplex reverse link channel. 10.The LDC controller of claim 9 wherein the synchronization informationincludes a power down time and the processor is programmed to formulatethe power down time based the received terminal message information. 11.A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions forperforming a method comprising: placing a Low Duty Cycle (LDC) terminalin an idle mode to conform to a CDMA slot mode protocol; determining aterminal wake-up time and a terminal power down time based oninformation received over a half-duplex forward link channel; andplacing the terminal in a hibernation mode based on the terminal wake-uptime and the terminal power down time.
 12. The computer-readable mediumof claim 11 comprising computer-executable instructions for placing theterminal in a hibernation mode for a period of time that is longer thanthe CDMA slotted mode protocol.
 13. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 11 comprising computer-executable instructions for determining anoffset based on the information received over the forward link channel,and for determining a wake-up time based on the offset.
 14. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 13 comprising computer-executableinstructions for determining the offset by a hashing process.
 15. Asystem for synchronizing a plurality of terminals in a communicationsnetwork, comprising: means for formulating synchronization informationto be delivered to the communications network; means for maintaining thesynchronization information separately from the protocol and timing ofthe communications network; and means for transmitting thesynchronization information on a half-duplex forward link channel of thecommunications network.
 16. The system of claim 16 wherein thesynchronization information includes a power down time period that islonger in duration than allowable under the protocol and timing of thecommunications network.
 17. The system of claim 16 wherein thesynchronization information includes a wake up time period that islonger in duration than allowable under the protocol and timing of thecommunications network.
 18. The system of claim 16 wherein thesynchronization information includes a time period and the processor isprogrammed to hash a plurality of wake up times over the time period.19. The system of claim 16 comprising means for receiving terminalmessage information on a half-duplex reverse link channel.
 20. Thesystem of claim 16 wherein the synchronization information includes apower down time and the means for formulating the power down time basedthe received terminal message information.
 21. A remotely-situatedcommunications device, comprising: means for receiving information on ahalf-duplex forward link channel; means for placing the communicationsdevice in an idle mode to conform to a CDMA slotted mode protocol; meansfor determining a wake-up time and a power down time based on theinformation received over the forward link channel; and means forplacing the communications device in a hibernation mode based on thewake-up time and power down time.
 22. The communications device of claim21 comprising means for placing the communications device in thehibernation mode for a period of time that is longer than the CDMAslotted mode protocol.
 23. The communications device of claim 21 whereinthe means for determining the wake-up time includes determining anoffset based on the information received over the forward link channel.24. A method of controlling a terminal, comprising: receivinginformation on a half-duplex forward link channel; placing the terminalin an idle mode to conform to a CDMA slotted mode protocol; determininga wake-up time and a power down time based on the information receivedover the forward link channel; and placing the terminal in a hibernationmode based the wake-up time and power down time.
 25. The method of claim24 comprising placing the terminal in the hibernation mode for a periodof time that is longer than the CDMA slotted mode protocol.
 26. Themethod of claim 24 wherein determining the wake-up time includesdetermining an offset based on the information received over the forwardlink channel.
 27. The method of claim 26 comprising determining theoffset by a hashing process.
 28. A computer-readable medium havingcomputer-executable instructions for performing a method comprising:formulating synchronization information to be delivered to acommunications network; maintaining the synchronization informationseparately from the protocol and timing of the communications network;and, transmitting the synchronization information on a half-duplexforward link channel of the communications network.
 29. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 28 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a power down time period that is longer in durationthan allowable under the protocol and timing of the communicationsnetwork.
 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 28 wherein thesynchronization information includes a wake up time period that islonger in duration than allowable under the protocol and timing of thecommunications network.
 31. The computer-readable medium of claim 28wherein the synchronization information includes a time period and thecomputer-executable instructions include hashing a plurality of wake uptimes over the time period.
 32. The computer-readable medium of claim 28comprising computer-executable instructions for receiving a terminalmessage information on a half-duplex reverse link channel.
 33. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 32 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a power down time and including computer-executableinstructions for formulating the power down time based the terminalmessage information.
 34. A method of sending synchronizationinformation, comprising: formulating synchronization information to bedelivered to a communications network; maintaining the synchronizationinformation separately from the protocol and timing of thecommunications network; and, transmitting the synchronizationinformation on a half-duplex forward link channel of the communicationsnetwork.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a power down time period that is longer in durationthan allowable under the protocol and timing of the communicationsnetwork.
 36. The method of claim 34 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a wake up time period that is longer in durationthan allowable under the protocol and timing of the communicationsnetwork.
 37. The method of claim 34 wherein the synchronizationinformation includes a time period and the method comprises hashing aplurality of wake up times over the time period.
 38. The method of claim34 comprising receiving a terminal message information on a half-duplexreverse link channel.
 39. The method of claim 38 wherein thesynchronization information includes a power down time and the methodcomprises formulating the power down time based the terminal messageinformation.